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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst CCOA Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q17-Q22):
17. Frage
A bank employee is found to beexfiltrationsensitive information by uploading it via email. Which of the following security measures would be MOST effective in detecting this type of insider threat?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) systems are specifically designed to detect and prevent unauthorized data transfers. In the context of an insider threat, where a bank employee attempts toexfiltrate sensitive information via email, DLP solutions are most effective because they:
* Monitor Data in Motion:DLP can inspect outgoing emails for sensitive content based on pre-defined rules and policies.
* Content Inspection and Filtering:It examines email attachments and the body of the message for patterns that match sensitive data (like financial records or PII).
* Real-Time Alerts:Generates alerts or blocks the transfer when sensitive data is detected.
* Granular Policies:Allows customization to restrict specific types of data transfers, including via email.
Other options analysis:
* B. Intrusion detection system (IDS):IDS monitors network traffic for signs of compromise but is not designed to inspect email content or detect data exfiltration specifically.
* C. Network segmentation:Reduces the risk of lateral movement but does not directly monitor or prevent data exfiltration through email.
* D. Security information and event management (SIEM):SIEM can correlate events and detect anomalies but lacks the real-time data inspection that DLP offers.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 5: Insider Threats and Mitigation:Discusses how DLP tools are essential for detecting data exfiltration.
* Chapter 6: Threat Intelligence and Analysis:Covers data loss scenarios and the role of DLP.
* Chapter 8: Incident Detection and Response:Explains the use of DLP for detecting insider threats.
18. Frage
Which of the following can be used to identity malicious activity through a take user identity?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Ahoney accountis adecoy user accountset up to detectmalicious activity, such as:
* Deception Techniques:The account appears legitimate to attackers, enticing them to use it.
* Monitoring Usage:Any interaction with the honey account triggers an alert, indicating potential compromise.
* Detection of Credential Theft:If attackers attempt to use the honey account, it signals possible credential leakage.
* Purpose:Specifically designed toidentify malicious activitythrough themisuse of seemingly valid accounts.
Other options analysis:
* A. Honeypot:A decoy system or network, not specifically an account.
* C. Indicator of compromise (IoC):Represents evidence of an attack, not a decoy mechanism.
* D. Multi-factor authentication (MFA):Increases authentication security, but does not detect malicious use directly.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Threat Detection and Deception:Discusses the use of honey accounts for detecting unauthorized access.
* Chapter 8: Advanced Threat Intelligence:Highlights honey accounts as a proactive detection technique.
19. Frage
Which of the following is a security feature provided by the WS-Security extension in the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
TheWS-Securityextension inSimple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)provides security features at the message levelrather than thetransport level. One of its primary features ismessage confidentiality.
* Message Confidentiality:Achieved by encrypting SOAP messages using XML Encryption. This ensures that even if a message is intercepted, its content remains unreadable.
* Additional Features:Also provides message integrity (using digital signatures) and authentication.
* Use Case:Suitable for scenarios where messages pass through multiple intermediaries, as security is preserved across hops.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Transport Layer Security (TLS):Secures the transport layer, not the SOAP message itself.
* C. Malware protection:Not related to WS-Security.
* D. Session management:SOAP itself is stateless and does not handle session management.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 7, Section "Web Services Security," Subsection "WS-Security in SOAP" - WS-Security provides message-level security, including confidentiality and integrity.
20. Frage
When identifying vulnerabilities, which of the following should a cybersecurity analyst determine FIRST?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
When identifying vulnerabilities, thefirst stepfor a cybersecurity analyst is to determine thevulnerability categories possible for the tested asset typesbecause:
* Asset-Specific Vulnerabilities:Different asset types (e.g., servers, workstations, IoT devices) are susceptible to different vulnerabilities.
* Targeted Scanning:Knowing the asset type helps in choosing the correctvulnerability scanning tools and configurations.
* Accuracy in Assessment:This ensures that the scan is tailored to the specific vulnerabilities associated with those assets.
* Efficiency:Reduces false positives and negatives by focusing on relevant vulnerability categories.
Other options analysis:
* A. Number of vulnerabilities identifiable:This is secondary; understanding relevant categories comes first.
* B. Number of tested asset types:Knowing asset types is useful, but identifying their specific vulnerabilities is more crucial.
* D. Vulnerability categories identifiable by the tool:Tool capabilities matter, but only after determining what needs to be tested.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Vulnerability Management:Discusses the importance of asset-specific vulnerability identification.
* Chapter 8: Threat and Vulnerability Assessment:Highlights the relevance of asset categorization.
21. Frage
Which of the following is the BEST method for hardening an operating system?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Thebest method for hardening an operating systemis toremove unnecessary services and applications because:
* Minimizes Attack Surface:Reduces the number of potential entry points for attackers.
* Eliminates Vulnerabilities:Unused or outdated services may contain unpatched vulnerabilities.
* Performance Optimization:Fewer active services mean reduced resource consumption.
* Best Practice:Follow the principle ofminimal functionalityto secure operating systems.
* Security Baseline:After cleanup, the system is easier to manage and monitor.
Other options analysis:
* A. Implementing a HIDS:Helps detect intrusions but does not inherently harden the OS.
* B. Manually signing drivers:Ensures authenticity but doesn't reduce the attack surface.
* D. Applying only critical updates:Important but insufficient on its own. All relevant updates should be applied.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 9: Secure System Configuration:Emphasizes the removal of non-essential components for system hardening.
* Chapter 7: Endpoint Security Best Practices:Discusses minimizing services to reduce risk.
22. Frage
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