HCVA0-003 Examengine - HCVA0-003 Fragen Antworten
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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam HCVA0-003 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q268-Q273):
268. Frage
You need a simple and self-contained HashiCorp Vault cluster deployment with minimal dependencies.
Which storage backend is best suited for this use case, providing all configuration within Vault and avoiding external services?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
For self-contained deployment:
* B. Integrated Storage (raft): "The best choice for a simple and self-contained Vault cluster deployment with minimal dependencies." Uses Raft for consistency, no external services needed.
* Incorrect Options:
* A: Less reliable for production.
* C: Requires Consul.
* D: Non-persistent, for testing.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/v1.16.x/internals/integrated-storage
269. Frage
You have logged into the Vault UI and see this screen. What Vault component is being enabled in the screenshot below?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
In the Vault UI, the "Secrets" tab lists enabled secrets engines and includes an "Enable new engine" option to add a new one. Secrets engines manage secrets (e.g., KV, Transit), and enabling one configures it at a specific path. Storage backends (e.g., Raft) are set in the config file, not the UI. Auth methods (e.g., LDAP) are enabled under the "Access" tab. Audit devices (e.g., file logging) are under "Tools". The screenshot context and UI workflow align with enabling a secrets engine, per the getting-started tutorial.
References:
Secrets Engines Tutorial
Secrets Engines Docs
270. Frage
You are deploying Vault in a local data center, but want to be sure you have a secondary Vault cluster in the event the primary cluster goes offline. In the secondary data center, you have applications that are running, as they are architected to run active/active. Which type of replication would be best in this scenario?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Vault supports two replication types:Performance ReplicationandDisaster Recovery (DR) Replication, each serving distinct purposes. The scenario involves an on-premises primary cluster and a secondary cluster in another data center, with active/active applications needing Vault access. Let's analyze:
* Option A: Disaster Recovery replicationDR replication mirrors the primary cluster's state (secrets, tokens, leases) to a secondary cluster, which remains in standby mode until activated (promoted) during a failover. It's designed for disaster scenarios where the primary is lost, not for active/active use. The secondary doesn't serve reads or writes until promoted, which doesn't suit applications actively running in the secondary data center. Incorrect.
* Option B: Performance replicationPerformance replication creates an active secondary cluster that replicates data from the primary in near real-time. It supports read operations locally, reducing latency for applications in the secondary data center, and can handle writes (forwarded to the primary). This fits an active/active architecture, providing redundancy and performance. If the primary fails, the secondary can continue serving reads (though writes need reconfiguring). Correct.
Detailed Mechanics:
Performance replication uses a primary-secondary model with log shipping via Write-Ahead Logs (WALs).
The secondary maintains its own storage, synced from the primary, and can serve reads independently. Writes are forwarded to the primary, ensuring consistency. In an active/active setup, applications in both data centers can query their local Vault cluster, leveraging the secondary's read capability. DR replication, conversely, keeps the secondary dormant, requiring manual promotion,which introduces downtime unsuitable for active apps.
Real-World Example:
Primary cluster at dc1.vault.local:8200, secondary at dc2.vault.local:8200. Apps in DC2 query the secondary for secrets (e.g., GET /v1/secret/data/my-secret), avoiding cross-DC latency. If DC1 fails, DC2 continues serving cached reads until a new primary is established.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"Performance replication... allows secondary clusters to serve reads locally, ideal for active/active setups...
DR replication is for failover, keeping secondaries in standby."
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/enterprise/replication
271. Frage
You have a legacy application that requires secrets from Vault that must be written to a local configuration file. However, you cannot refactor the application to communicate directly with Vault.What solution should you implement to satisfy the requirements?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
For a legacy application that cannot communicate directly with Vault but needs secrets in a local configuration file, theVault Agent with templating featureis the best solution. The HashiCorp Vault documentation notes: "Vault Agent can obtain secrets and provide them to applications," and its templating feature "generates dynamic credentials based on predefined templates" and writes them to files. This allows secrets to be automatically fetched and rendered into a configuration file, meeting the requirement without refactoring.
Vault Proxy with Auto-Authsimplifies authentication but doesn't inherently write secrets to files.Vault Proxy as an API proxysecures API access but doesn't address file writing.Vault Agent with caching improves performance but doesn't solve the file output need. Thus, A is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Vault Agent and Proxy
272. Frage
Given the following policy, which command below would not result in a permission denied error (select two)?
path "secret/*" { capabilities = ["create", "update"] allowed_parameters = { "student" = ["steve", "frank",
"jamie", "susan", "gerry", "damien"] } }
path "secret/apps/*" { capabilities = ["read"] }
path "secret/apps/results" { capabilities = ["deny"] }
Antwort: B,D
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Denied by secret/apps/results deny policy. Incorrect.
* B:secret/apps/app01 only allows read, not create. Incorrect.
* C:secret/common/results allows create with student=frank (allowed value). Correct.
* D:secret/apps/api_key allows read. Correct.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"deny overrides any allow... allowed_parameters restricts values."
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#parameter-constraints
273. Frage
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