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CompTIA CAS-005 認定試験の出題範囲:
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出題範囲
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CompTIA SecurityX Certification Exam 認定 CAS-005 試験問題 (Q213-Q218):
質問 # 213
Operational technology often relies upon aging command, control, and telemetry subsystems that were created with the design assumption of:
正解:C
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step by Step
Understanding the Scenario: The question focuses on the historical design assumptions behind older operational technology (OT)systems, particularly in the context of command, control, and telemetry.
Analyzing the Answer Choices:
A: operating in an isolated/disconnected system: This is the most accurate assumption for many legacy OT systems. Historically, these systems weredesigned to operate in air-gapped environments, completely isolated from external networks (including the internet).
Reference:
B: communicating over distributed environments: While OT systems can be distributed, the core design assumption, especially for older systems, wasn't centered around interconnectivity in the way modern IT systems are.
C: untrustworthy users and systems being present: This is a more modern security principle (Zero Trust). Older OT systems often operated under a model of implicit trust within their isolated environment.
D . an available EtherneVIP network stack for flexibility: Ethernet/IP is a relatively newer industrial protocol. Older OT systems often used proprietary or less flexible communication protocols. Also, there is no such thing as EtherneVIP.
E: anticipated eavesdropping from malicious actors: While security was a concern, the primary threat model for older, isolated OT systems didn't heavily emphasize external malicious actors due to the assumed isolation.
Air Gap: The concept of an air gap (physical isolation) was the cornerstone of security for many legacy OT systems. These systems were not connected to the internet or corporate networks, making them less susceptible to remote attacks.
Legacy Protocols: Older OT systems often used proprietary or serial communication protocols, not designed for internet connectivity.
Implicit Trust: Within the isolated environment, there was often an assumption of trust among the connected components.
CASP+ Relevance: The challenges of securing legacy OT systems, especially in the face of increasing connectivity, are a key area of focus in CASP+. Understanding the historical context and the shift in security paradigms is crucial.
Modern OT Security Considerations (Elaboration):
Convergence: Today, the lines between IT and OT are blurring. OT systems are increasingly connected to corporate networks and the internet, necessitating a shift from isolation-based security to a more comprehensive approach.
Threat Landscape: Modern OT systems face a wider range of threats, including targeted attacks from sophisticated actors.
Security Controls: Modern OT security involves implementing network segmentation, intrusion detection, access controls, and other measures to protect against these evolving threats.
In conclusion, the primary design assumption for many older OT systems was that they would operate in isolated or disconnected environments. This historical context is important for understanding the security challenges faced by organizations today as they integrate these legacy systems into modern, connected environments. This is a core concept discussed in CASP+ in the context of OT security and risk management.
質問 # 214
A security architect is mitigating a vulnerability that previously led to a web application data breach. An analysis into the root cause of the issue finds the following:
- An administrator's account was hijacked and used on several
Autonomous System Numbers within 30 minutes.
- All administrators use named accounts that require multifactor
authentication.
- Single sign-on is used for all company applications.
Which of the following should the security architect do to mitigate the issue?
正解:C
質問 # 215
You are a security analyst tasked with interpreting an Nmap scan output from company's privileged network.
The company's hardening guidelines indicate the following:
There should be one primary server or service per device.
Only default ports should be used.
Non-secure protocols should be disabled.
INSTRUCTIONS
Using the Nmap output, identify the devices on the network and their roles, and any open ports that should be closed.
For each device found by Nmap, add a device entry to the Devices Discovered list, with the following information:
The IP address of the device
The primary server or service of the device (Note that each IP should by associated with one service/port only) The protocol(s) that should be disabled based on the hardening guidelines (Note that multiple ports may need to be closed to comply with the hardening guidelines) If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
正解:
解説:
See explanation below.
Explanation:
10.1.45.65 SFTP Server Disable 8080
10.1.45.66 Email Server Disable 415 and 443
10.1.45.67 Web Server Disable 21, 80
10.1.45.68 UTM Appliance Disable 21
質問 # 216
A security analyst wants to use lessons learned from a poor incident response to reduce dwell lime in the future The analyst is using the following data points
Which of the following would the analyst most likely recommend?
正解:C
解説:
In the context of improving incident response and reducing dwell time, the security analyst needs to focus on proactive measures that can quickly detect and alert on potential security breaches. Here's a detailed analysis of the options provided:
A . Adjusting the SIEM to alert on attempts to visit phishing sites: While this is a useful measure to prevent phishing attacks, it primarily addresses external threats and doesn't directly impact dwell time reduction, which focuses on the time a threat remains undetected within a network.
B . Allowing TRACE method traffic to enable better log correlation: The TRACE method in HTTP is used for debugging purposes, but enabling it can introduce security vulnerabilities. It's not typically recommended for enhancing security monitoring or incident response.
C . Enabling alerting on all suspicious administrator behavior: This option directly targets the potential misuse of administrator accounts, which are often high-value targets for attackers. By monitoring and alerting on suspicious activities from admin accounts, the organization can quickly identify and respond to potential breaches, thereby reducing dwell time significantly. Suspicious behavior could include unusual login times, access to sensitive data not usually accessed by the admin, or any deviation from normal behavior patterns. This proactive monitoring is crucial for quick detection and response, aligning well with best practices in incident response.
D . Utilizing allow lists on the WAF for all users using GET methods: This measure is aimed at restricting access based on allowed lists, which can be effective in preventing unauthorized access but doesn't specifically address the need for quick detection and response to internal threats.
Reference:
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide: Emphasizes the importance of monitoring and alerting on admin activities as part of a robust incident response plan.
NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2,"Computer Security Incident Handling Guide": Highlights best practices for incident response, including the importance of detecting and responding to suspicious activities quickly.
"Incident Response & Computer Forensics" by Jason T. Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia: Discusses techniques for reducing dwell time through effective monitoring and alerting mechanisms, particularly focusing on privileged account activities.
By focusing on enabling alerting for suspicious administrator behavior, the security analyst addresses a critical area that can help reduce the time a threat goes undetected, thereby improving the overall security posture of the organization.
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質問 # 217
Which of the following is the security engineer most likely doing?
正解:B
解説:
In the given scenario, the security engineer is likely examining login activities and their associated geolocations. This type of analysis is aimed at identifying unusual login patterns that might indicate an impossible travel scenario. An impossible travel scenario is when a single user account logs in from geographically distant locations in a short time, which is physically impossible. By assessing login activities using geolocation, the engineer can tune alerts to identify and respond to potential security breaches more effectively.
質問 # 218
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